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Explain the Changes of state in terms of the Kinetic Theory Trending Now The 60-Day IGCSE Organic Chemistry Challenge DAY 1 Free Preview The 60-Day IGCSE Organic Chemistry Challenge DAY 2 Free Preview IGCSE CHEMISTRY CAMBRIDGE 1.Particulate Nature of Matter 1.3 Heating Curve Back to Chapter 1 Menu Notes : Heating and Cooling curves are Graphs that show how matter acts when changing the temperature and at which state substance is available versus time Changes of states can be explained by using the idea that particles are constantly in motion . This is called the kinetic particle theory we can explain a heating curve using ideas about the energy and motion of the particles. Heating Curve At point A Physical status is Solid From A to B increasing heat energy increases vibration of the solid particles so the temperature of the solid increases From B to C increasing the heat weakens the forces of attraction between particles so they begin to slide over each other . there is no temperature change because all energy supplied is used to overcome the forces between the particles instead of raising the temperature . the substance melts At C , the substance is all at liquid state. From C to D : increasing the energy increases the motion of the particles in the liquid so the temperature of the liquid increases. From D to E : forces of attraction between liquid particles weakens to particles start to move away from each other . there is no temperature change as the energy supplied is used to break the forces between the particles , the substance boils . From E to F : increasing the energy increases the speed of the gas particles . so the temperature increases and the gas particles are getting far away from each other. Cooling Curve Almost opposite is happening List of Topics Download as PDF Trending Now The 60-Day IGCSE Organic Chemistry Challenge DAY 1 Free Preview The 60-Day IGCSE Organic Chemistry Challenge DAY 2 Free Preview K-Chemistry About US READ MORE

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Explain the Changes of state in terms of the Kinetic Theory IGCSE CHEMISTRY CAMBRIDGE 1.Particulate Nature of Matter 1.2 Changes in States Of Matter Back to Chapter 1 Menu Notes : Freezing : From liquid to solid Melting : From solid to liquid Boiling : From liquid to gas Condensation : From gas to liquid Sublimation : From Solid to gas directly Explain the Changes of state in terms of the Kinetic Theory To Change Matter from one physical state to another a certain amount of energy has to be absorbed or released. The amount of energy needed depends on the strength of the attraction forces between the particles of the substance. The stronger the forces of attraction between the particles the larger the amount of energy required. Melting Changing from a solid to liquid state by heating . Heat is absorbed to break the bonds between the solid particles and change it into liquid ( heat is changed into kinetic energy which makes the particles vibrate faster so it can break the bonds between them and change into liquid state). Happens at the Melting point. Boiling Changing from a liquid to gas state by heating . Occurs below the surface of the liquid. Requires heat to be absorbed to break the bonds between the liquid particles and change it into gas ( heat is changed into kinetic energy which makes the particles move faster so it can break the bonds between them and change into gas state ). Happens at the Boiling point. Evaporation Changing from a liquid to gas state. occurs only at the surface of the liquid. Requires heat to be absorbed to break the bonds between the liquid particles and change it into gas ( heat is changed into kinetic energy which makes the particles move faster so it can break the bonds between them). Freezing Changing from a liquid to solid state by decreasing temperature . Requires heat to be released (lost from system) to make new bonds between the liquid particles and change it into solid ( losing heat decreases the kinetic energy of the particles which makes the particles move slower and stick together) Happens at the Freezing point. Note : Freezing point and Melting point has the same value it depends only in the direction of change in state From Solid to liquid (Melting point) From liquid to solid (Freezing point) Condensation Changing from a gas to liquid state. Requires heat to be released (lost from system) to make new bonds between the gas particles and change it into liquid ( losing heat decreases the kinetic energy of the particles which makes the particles move slower) Note that condensation is the opposite of evaporation Sublimation Changing from a solid to gas directly. It happens in certain types of substances , and is related to the nature of the substance not to the method of heating. example : Solid iodine , solid carbon dioxide , solid ammonium chloride. The reverse reaction also happens and is also called sometimes called deposition or de-sublimation. Sublimation occurs at a specific temperature which is unique for a pure substance. Describe qualitatively the pressure and the temperature of a gas in terms of motion of its particles As mentioned earlier the particles of gas moves rapidly and randomly in all directions this causes the particles of gas to collide with each other and with the walls of its container. this causes the particles to exert pressure. The Higher the temperature the more rapid the particles will hit each other and collide with the walls of the container exerting higher pressure. When the gas is compressed to a smaller volume , the particles also hit each other more frequently and hit the walls more frequently increasing the gas pressure. List of Topics Download as PDF