Chapter 7 SABIS Grade 10 Part 2

Chapter 7 Structure of the atom and the periodic table

Lesson 1 Content

7.1 Structure of the Atom

• 7.2 FILM: Chemical Families

• 7.2.1 Classification of the elements

• 7.2.2 Investigating the gaseous elements

• 7.2.3 Investigating H2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

• 7.2.4 Investigating Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs

• 7.2.5 In conclusion

• 7.3 The Periodic Table

• 7.4 The Simplest Chemical Family - The Noble Gases

  • 7.4.1 Physical properties

  • Boiling Points

  • Melting Points

  • 7.4.2 Number of electrons and stability of noble gases

  • Neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon

  • Sodium chloride forms stable ions

• 7.5 The alkali metals

  • 7.5.1 Group 1 elements

  • 7.5.2 Theoretical explanation of electrical conductivity

  • 7.5.3 Properties of the alkali metals

  • 7.5.4 Chemistry of the alkali metals

📚Pre-Requisite Questions:

1. Can you list some of the families in the periodic table? 📚

2. What's special about the Noble Gases? 💎

3. What makes Alkali Metals different from the Halogens? 🤷‍♀️

Break for Reflection 🤔✍️

(Answers: 1. Some families in the periodic table are the Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Transition Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases. 2. Noble Gases are special because they have a full valence electron shell and are mostly non-reactive. 3. Alkali Metals are very reactive and have one electron in their outer shell, while Halogens are also reactive and have seven electrons in their outer shell.)

🚀 Lesson Begins!

💫 Chemical Families

Just as human families have common traits, elements in the same chemical family share common properties. This is because they have the same number of valence electrons. It's like family members having the same eye color! 👀

⚗️ The Noble Gases

Noble gases are like the aristocrats of the periodic table - they're a bit aloof and tend not to react with other elements because their electron shells are full. They're the cool kids, hard to impress! 🕶️

🔥 The Alkali Metals

The Alkali Metals, on the other hand, are the life of the party! 🎉 They have one electron in their outer shell and are ready to react at the drop of a hat. They're like your friend who's always up for a new adventure. 🎢

🌩️ The Halogens

Then come the Halogens, who are just one electron short of having a full outer shell. They're eager to form a bond with any element that can provide that one extra electron. They're like someone looking for their perfect match! 🤝

💡In conclusion:

Chemistry is not just about memorizing the periodic table or complex equations. It's about understanding the relationships and interactions between different elements. It's about seeing the beauty in the organization and the patterns that emerge. It's about appreciating the elegant dance of atoms and molecules. 🌐

Review Questions:

1. Which family of elements is generally non-reactive because their electron shells are full? a. Alkali Metals b. Halogens c. Noble Gases d. Transition Metals

2. Why are Alkali Metals so reactive? a. They have a full outer shell b. They are one electron short of a full outer shell c. They have one electron in their outer shell ready to be given away d. They are shiny and malleable

3. Which family of elements is eager to form bonds to gain one extra electron? a. Alkali Metals b. Halogens c. Noble Gases d. Transition Metals

(Answers: 1. c, 2. c, 3. b)

End of Lesson 2

⭐Keep studying, keep learning!⭐