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Learning Outcomes 🎯:
Define and use terms such as relative atomic mass, isotopic mass, empirical formula, molecular formula, and the mole in terms of the Avogadro constant.
Analyze and use mass spectra to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element.
Calculate empirical and molecular formulas using combustion data or composition by mass.
Write and construct balanced equations.
Perform calculations involving the mole concept, reacting masses, volumes of gases, and volumes and concentrations of solutions.
Deduce stoichiometric relationships from calculations involving reacting masses, volumes of gases, and volumes and concentrations of solutions.
Relative Atomic Mass and the Mole 🧮:
Relative atomic mass is the weighted average mass of naturally occurring atoms of an element on a scale where an atom of carbon-12 has a mass of exactly 12 units.
The mole is a unit used to count the number of particles in a substance and is based on the Avogadro constant.
Empirical and Molecular Formulas 📝:
Empirical formulas show the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
Molecular formulas show the total number of atoms of each element present in one molecule or one formula unit of the compound.
Balancing Chemical Equations ⚖️:
Chemical equations must be balanced to ensure that the number of atoms of each element on the reactants side is equal to the number on the products side.